The trench warfare of WW1 was ... free essay sample

The channel fighting of WW1 was a terrible and shocking spot that left the troopers with scars that rose above the physical plane. Malady, mud, lice and weariness were a portion of the most exceedingly terrible things troopers describe about the life in the channels on the Western Front. Mud is the main foe and the central hopelessness of the soldierIt sticks to mens bodies and breaks their skins and its disgusting frightfulness drenches their spirits and sucks their mental fortitude.- Sergeant P Boyd, Salvage, Australian War Memorial Facsimile Editions ,Canberra, 1918 is one record of the awfulness of the mud in the channels on the Western Front that was in North Eastern France and Belgium, a zone that gets visit downpour blended in with consistent military bombardments and the earth of the channels brought about mud. Men and ponies were at steady danger of being stuck in a sand trap of ooze. Burdened by hardware, stalling out in the mud would prompt demise. We will compose a custom paper test on The channel fighting of WW1 was or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The mud would dry on the fighters skin and break it, causing overflowing rankles that would get immediately tainted by the uncontrolled illness sludge that had rotting bodies, human waste and lice. The thigh high sloppy muck that warriors on the two sides lived in lead to channel foot.Trench foot is excruciating growing of the feet brought about by the steady submersion in the squalid sloppy slime. It would prompt the toes spoiling off and would prompt gangrene, which would require removal however it didnt consistently work. Looseness of the bowels and diarrhea were basic among the officers and the drifting carcasses in summer would pull in flies making a zone ideal for microscopic organisms and lice.Lice is another calculate that made life the channels hellfire. They would lock onto mens garbs and lay eggs. They would torment them day and night which would prompt men breaking their skin prompting contamination. Men would go insane over the irritation that tormented them the entire hours of the day, in actuality australian troopers in Gallipoli would chance demise by running into the sea in the night to discover any help from the lice. Rodents had an awful propensity for entering the channels and snacking on troopers fingers, toes and noses. It wasnt remarkable to wake up and discover one eating your toes.Another loathsomeness looked in the channels in the shell stun. It would significantly upset all around and it wasnt exceptional for casualties to overlook the entire war that they have encountered up until now.

Texas Revolution Essay Essays - Mexico, Antonio Lpez De Santa Anna

Texas Revolution Essay Have you at any point accomplished something exclusively to assemble or spare your pride? In the Texas Revolution a solid and glad general named Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna fixed command over Texas so as to repopulate Texas with Mexicans, since the overwhelming race had become non-Mexicans. This war began as little detached conflicts, however in the long run broke out into full-scale disobedience. So as to end these incessant rebellions, Santa Anna drove his few thousand Mexican soldiers into the renegade controlled San Antonio in February of 1836. The 187 Texas rebels fended off Santa Anna's rehashed assaults, yet on March 6, the Mexican soldiers at long last overran the fortification. Santa Clause Anna's soldiers, who endured more than 1,500 losses, followed through on a huge cost for their triumph. Also that a month and a half later the Texas armed force returned killing more than 630 Mexicans inside 20 minutes and taking their solitary general, Santa Anna as detainee. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna unequivocally accepted that the level of Mexicans ought to be the prevailing populace. At the point when he discovered that the non-Mexicans exceptionally out numbered the Mexicans, he raced to fix the control, and close the fringes over Texas. He attempted to do his absolute best to prevent the Texans from acquiring their freedom and turning into a non-Mexican commanded state. The Texans firmly wanted their autonomy and opportunity from the Mexicans. This left them just a single decision, to be relentless. They didn't let one misfortune pull them down, they returned for an unexpected assault on the Mexicans, driving them to their both their opportunity and autonomy. I accept that General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna began the Texas Revolution exclusively to pick up control over the Texans and assemble his own pride. To take a huge number of Mexican soldiers into a war and have in excess of 1,850 losses; over a war that could have been halted or settled toward the starting when the principal segregated assaults started! This gives me that there clearly was a monstrous pride issue, with both Santa Anna and the Texans. Taking everything into account, The Mexicans began and won the main fight, ruling the war. In spite of the fact that, the Texans returned a month and a half later to make up for themselves and bring home both their opportunity and autonomy from the Mexicans. History

Gender Inequality: Causes and Impacts

Sex Inequality: Causes and Impacts Research Paper: Gender Inequality For a long time, men have been the prevailing sexual orientation and ladies have been the minority. Men were the breadwinners† and ladies just remained at home and dealt with the housework and kids. Ladies scarcely had any rights. Their spouses could manhandle them and pull off it without any problem. Luckily, over some stretch of time, things have gradually changed. Be that as it may, this is as yet an intense and far reaching issue. Ladies are still at the base of the chain. What was the reason for this disparity and what will be the results if this difficult keeps on waiting? Sex disparity, in my definition, is the inconsistent and one-sided treatment between the two genders. I firmly accept that the inconsistent treatment of ladies is something that ought to have remained in crude occasions. We are in the current now and we are unquestionably further developed than we ever were but then we are old school in our considering how people ought to be dealt with. I can unequivocally relate to sexual orientation imbalance in light of the fact that a significant number of my dearest companions have confronted it or still face it. Realist hypotheses characterize sex disparity because of how people are attached to the financial structure of society. They accept that womens job as a mother and spouse are depreciated by society and deny access to profoundly regarded open chances. Sexual orientation imbalance is certainly something that we regularly underestimate; it is acknowledged and appears to be so typical in the public eye. These distinctions regularly appear t o be imperceptible to us despite the fact that it occurs in our regular daily existence in everything from business and instruction to governmental issues and the media without us monitoring it. Before we take a gander at the sexual orientation imbalances in paid work, it is essential to take a gander at unpaid work and the segregations that ladies face. History has given us that the jobs and duties regarding people were at that point picked for them. In the United Kingdom, there was a pattern of male strength in work until World War II where ladies increased male-orientated employments just because while the men battled in the bleeding edge. Prior to this, the guys were regularly the providers and hence accommodated their family. Then again, the females were increasingly disposed to be associated with unpaid work regularly marked as housewives who performed tasks around the family home and took care of the youngsters. You could apply Leslie Feinberg’s hypothesis to this as i n those days it was simply acknowledged and seen as the lifestyle for people. It was found in an investigation in 2006 that on normal ‘women went through 180 minutes out of every day on housework; that’s 78% additional time than men who went through just 101 minutes for every day.’ This uncovers even in current society ladies are as yet acknowledged to participate in unpaid work through housework as opposed to be in business and this mirrors the past in the United Kingdom. An excellent case of this are the work rates in the UK as it was around 79% for men and 70 % for ladies which has stayed unaltered since 1999. (Office of National Statistics, 2008). It must be said that as of late, the division among guys and females is less obvious yet tendency towards male predominance in work is still appeared. It was accounted for that the sexual orientation pay hole in the UK is one of the most elevated in Europe: ladies who work all day earned 17% less every hour than peo ple working low maintenance earned 39% less every hour than men working all day. (Office of National Statistics, 2008) In the United States, the normal working lady procures just 77 percent of what the normal working man makes. Notwithstanding, women’s place in the public arena and in work has improved extraordinarily since the Equal Pay Act of 1970. Throughout the years, there has been an expansion of ladies in the working environment with ladies working in a bigger number of senior positions. This uncovers despite the fact that there have been enhancements in certain territories, men frequently still have the high ground in work. Today, this sexual orientation disparity is acknowledged in the public eye which uncovers a solid shamefulness against ladies in business. People despite everything follow altogether different vocation ways. Men are substantially more likely than ladies to be utilized in talented exchanges while ladies are almost certainly to be constrained into wo rking lower paid work employments, for example, cleaning. ‘Women tend not to place their entire bodies into commitment in a physical errand without hardly lifting a finger and expectation as men’ (Young, Iris. M, 207). There is the national association for tradeswomen called ‘Women and Manual Trades (WAMT) who bolster preparing ladies to work in plumbing, building and circuit testers for instance. Just as this, they address the issue of low female portrayal in such work. In spite of the fact that there are associations, for example, the WAMT who bolster ladies working in talented exchanges the likeliness of ladies to participate in such an occupation is still extremely low and shows little improvement. This, once more, uncovers the solid predominance of men in business around the world. The thought of being a female is considered to have a larger number of difficulties than male inside the broad communications. There is an unequal and generalized portrayal of ladi es in the media and a great deal of the time they are commanded by men in their jobs. Sexual orientation imbalances customarily were extraordinarily authorized in media yield with ladies being utilized in notices to offer anything from vehicles to tobacco. Just as this, ladies were frequently depicted as ‘sex objects’ in the media, particularly in the 1980’s when men’s magazines were first circulated. This despite everything occurs as of late as ladies are shown in the magazines for the most part for male amusement which is a significant sexual orientation imbalance as it utilizes the generalization of ladies. Just as this, ladies frequently feel uncertain and are compelled to dazzle men by replicating what they find in the magazines. This occurs in the greater part of the media from the magazines and papers to ads in TV they are such ground-breaking powers which impact society as it were. Besides, ladies in increasingly contemporary media are still sexual ized and the men despite everything take a gander at ladies similarly as in the past. It was found in the late 1990’s that ‘44% of music recordings contain sexual symbolism. Ladies are definitely more probable than men to be introduced in provocative or uncovering apparel and explicitly objectified.’ This connects to female generalizations and sexualization which are manhandled in this current day in media particularly with the fast development of the web as of late frequently through sexual pictures of ladies connected to the sex business, for example, sex entertainment being effectively available on the web which regularly delineates ladies as simple amusement for men. The idea of erotic entertainment is a prime case of the sexualized portrayal of ladies in the public arena. Sexual orientation disparity isn't an issue that can be settled inside a day or two, and arriving at our last objective of correspondence won't be a simple advance, everything we can do is separate it into numerous components and give it an opportunity to pay off. Initial segment of our goals is instructive insightful, which is fundamentally encouraging our young ones counter sexual orientation generalizations from kinder-nursery, and clutching these convictions right till school. This should be possible by demonstrating both genders that there aren’t any male or female one-sided sports, there isn’t a significant that a young lady shouldn’t get into on the grounds that it’s a â€Å"man major†, those generalizations ought to be completely destroyed from every new age. Another piece of our goals is advancing correspondence in the work fields; perhaps have an enduring activity to advance balance in all work fields. A few people may state that ladies can't perform numerous occupations that men do like development working, admirably during WW2, ladies were the main ones doing these â€Å"men jobs† while all the men were gone to battle in the war. Another conceivable method to determine our issue is through big names and TV. These days, everyone’s good example is a Hollywood star, a vocalist, a model, so fundamentally a VIP. Why don’t we make these superstars in a roundabout way embed the possibility of uniformity in our human cerebrums, why don’t they give us that guys and females can do similar employments and missions and that isolation isn't required. Once more, I rehash that this won’t be a simple procedure and it may require some investment however toward the day's end, sexual orientation imbalance is a major issue and it must be settled at some point or another. Mankind requires the two people, and we are similarly significant and need each other. So for what reason are ladies seen as not exactly equivalent? These old mentalities are bored into us from the earliest starting point. We need to show our young men the standards of equity and regard, so that as they grow up, sex correspondence turns into a characteristic lifestyle. What's more, we need to show our young ladies that they can reach as high as humanly conceivable. We have a ton of work to do, yet we can arrive on the off chance that we cooperate. Except if ladies and men both state this is unsuitable, things won't change. Earnestly, responsibility and solid conviction, we can accomplish our objective.

Resume Computer College, Kenyatta University Ongoing - 825 Words

Resume: Hilltop Computer College, Kenyatta University Ongoing (Resume Writing Sample) Content: VINCENT KIPKIRUI NGETICHGender: MaleDate of Birth: 30th May, 1990Email: vincentkipkirui2@gmail.comNationality: KenyanReligion: ChristianMobile: 0729893600CAREER OBJECTIVESBy being enthusiastic person, I like to take up my work with responsibility. Also, through having a competitive nature, I like to work individually as well as working in group. My major strengths include good communication and interpersonal skills, ability to meet deadlines, can work under pressure and my charming, caring personality help me to reach people and allows me to help them in every way possible. Having a creative mind, I am result oriented and can very well handle the job assigned to me and get the best out of them.EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDSCHOOL YEAR QUALIFICATIONS Kenyatta University Ongoing 2015-Date (MPH-Epidemiology and disease control) Kenyatta University 2009-2013 (BSc Environmental Health) Hilltop computer college 2012 (Computer proficiency Packages) Nyang'ori High School 2004-2008 KC SE Nandi Hills Academy 1996-2004 KCPE PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONSPresently, I am undergoing my Masters of Public Health (Epidemiology and disease control) at Kenyatta University (May 2015- To Date).I have successfully completed my coursework, currently am undergoing my fieldwork on, Effects of diarrhoeal diseases on farmers household in Ewaso Narok Swamp.Worked as Head of Department (HOD) at Christian Intermediate Technology Centre CITC- an affiliate of Moi University (From Jan 2014-To 2nd May, 2015):-FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT.I was a lecturing and coordinating activities in the department of community health and development, school of public health.Also, I was working as a Public Health Officer at Nandi East district public health office (From April 2013-To April 2014):-INTERNSHIP.I usually participated in medical examination of factory workers and food handlers as well as carrying out occupational health and safety of various factories in the district. As well as other health and publi c health issues in the communities in Nandi County.City Council of Nairobi, (Public Health Department) May-June, 2012:-ATTACHMENT.I participated in public health prosecution, in which I realigned the communities activities to be in line with public health law, hence improving law enforcement in various areas such as solid and liquid waste management. I also did disease surveillance of various diseases in the area such as prevention of malaria and I mobilized the communities in Kasarani district.Ministry of livestock development (Department of veterinary services) June-July, 2012:- ATTACHMENT.I was involved in the inspection of meat at Kiamaiko slaughter houses. As a result I was able to address water, sanitation and hygiene by encouraging the construction of drainages.Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (Mbagathi District Hospital) July-August, 2012:- ATTACHMENT.I fully participated in health education to the people living in Kibera slums, in which I mentored the slum d wellers on proper public health activities with the support of AMREF project.Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (Kapsabet District Hospital) May-August, 2011: ATTACHMENT.I was involved in community mobilization, health education to communities, as well as mentored HIV and AIDS victims on proper nutrition, psychological support and adherence to drugs with the support of Walter reed project.Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (Nandi Hills District Hospital) May-August, 2010:ATTACHMENT.I undertook activities at maternal child health clinic and Family planning section, in which I facilitated open communication and increased uptake of family planning options among various clients during counseling process in the various clinics.Kobujoi Fashion boutique (Nandi Hills town) January-August, 2009:-VOLUNTEER.I worked as a sales assistant where I commercialized various ways of effectively selling products to clients and hence maximized profits.COMPETENCIESTeamwork : I have successful ly ...

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 1091 Words

Shirley Jackson, a famous American fiction writer after the Second World War, wrote a story called, â€Å"The Lottery,† to indicate humans’ true nature. How does Jackson be able to draw out humans’ true nature through written words? The story of â€Å"The lottery† is a kind of story that is written in a situational irony form. It is surprising that at the end of the story, people start throwing stones at the one who actually won the lottery. At first glance of reading the topic and the actual context of the story, many people might think that it is a regular gathering for the lottery, which is not involved in life taking. Jackson’s main purpose is to demonstrate humans’ behaviors after the World War Two. As a result, Jackson amazingly illustrates the sinful nature of humans through the central theme, the characters, and the symbol of the story. First of all, Jackson uses the central theme of the story to demonstrate the stupidity of humans to accept a wrong tradition. In the beginning, people start gathering, and it seems harmless. Jackson notes that children are running around gathering rocks, men are taking about â€Å"planting and rain, tractors and taxes,† and women are blathering (70). Everything seems perfectly quiet, and it is a peaceful day before the lottery starts. However, things change when everyone is paying attention to a black box with enough pieces of paper for every family to choose. The readers immediately notice that this event has been conducted each year. JacksonShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes includ e: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â₠¬Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Cosmology Cumalative Paper - 1262 Words

Cosmology Cumulative Paper In order to understand our place in the universe, we must understand the universe itself. Scientists, researchers, astronomers, cosmologists, physicists, amateur astronomers and a slew of other groups of individuals largely interested in the cosmos, help with discovering new and fascinating theories or proof of different phenomenon within the universe. Three scientific articles help readers to realize scientists are constantly deep in work to unravel the hidden truths. â€Å"Dark Matter in the Discovery Age†, â€Å"Why the Universe Had no Beginning†, and â€Å"What String Theory tells Us About the Universe† include theories vastly different from one another, but lead to the same conclusion; the universe’s creation. The†¦show more content†¦Physicists choose the underground for its shielded affect, and because WIMPs have a special quality; they cannot be absorbed or reflected unlike other matters. When the WIMP hits the d etector underground, the particle’s energy transfers to this detector and physicists will notice a small â€Å"thermal or light signal†(Hooper, 28). XENON-100 is an example of this experiment. This piece of equipment contains cold liquid xenon, a heavy gas present in the Earth’s atmosphere. Underground WIMP detectors are a very viable and useful equipment, and the sensitivity of these detectors have been increasing â€Å"every 15 months† (Hooper, 28). The Large Hadron Collider, LHC for short, is also used to observe potential WIMP occurence. The LHC has its home underground, built as a 17 mile ring. It is a massive circular particle accelerator, as it contains high-energy protons colliding with one another at near the speed of light. This is done to understand how the Big Bang came to be, and what was after the universe’s explosion. Because of this recreation, it is thought WIMPs are being produced in the LHC as well. Unfortunately, only a small fr action of the proton collisions result in WIMPs, and the particles are still invisible, so they cannot be directly observed. However, as physicists continue to improve the LHC, the Large Hadron Collider might just be the best equipment to observe WIMPs in the future, and to

Deja Vu Essay Example For Students

Deja Vu Essay Dj vu, this term has been around for quite awhile now, but what exactly does it mean. Many of us use this term in conversation and writing with out knowing the correct meaning of the word, or even what it truly is. The word dj vu has basically become a cover-all label for any hard to explain occurrences which have an eerie and unexpected recognition, or just someone having trouble identifying the events that seem so strangely and intensely familiar. I hope my paper can help put a stop to that and give people some insight to what exactly this phenomena is. Dj vu has been mistaken for many other associations ranging from reincarnation to temporal lobe epilepsy. So many so, that the people who study it would like to do away with the term dj vu and draw attention to the 3 more specifics forms which are: 1 Dj Vecu, 2 Dj Senti, and 3 Dj Visite. Being that the first to investigate these phenomena were the French, the names remain in French. First off, lets discuss Dj Vecu, which means already experienced or lived though. This can be described best in quote from Charles Dickens, We have all some experience of a feeling, that comes over us occasionally, of what we are saying and doing having been said and done before, in a remote time of our having been surrounded, dim ages ago, by the same faces, objects and circumstances of our knowing perfectly what will be said next as if we suddenly remember it! When people have this feeling mentioned above, they call it dj vu if they even know a name for it at all. One third of the population have had such or similar experiences and surveys have shown that such experiences tend to occur more frequently and more intensely in younger peoplebetween ages 15 25. In that group, the phenomenon is so striking the memory of the occurrence lasts for years. This is because these experiences dont just involve one of the senses, like sightit also includes hearing, touch, and taste. Thats the reason it should not be referred to as simply dj vu any longer, dj vecu describes it much better. Another feature of dj vecu is that, along with amazing detail being involved, you are totally conscious that everything conforms to your memory of it when you are in the midst of the occurrence. This rules out that the person could have just read about or experienced something similar because the detail wouldnt be so great. This also rules out an explanation based on reincarnation and past lives because the typical dj veca experience is of an everyday activity like grocery shopping or driving in your car listening to your favorite CD, but in a previous life those types of activities would be nothing alike because of the time factor. Modern physicists are beginning to believe the notion of time loops and multiple universes are not as farfetched as it might seem at first glance. But most are sticking with the thoughts of precognitive knowledge via visions and dreams. The next form of dj, Dj Senti means already felt. 3 key features make it very easy to distinguish between this and the other forms: A. Dj senti is primarily a mental happening, B. There are no precognitive aspects in which the person feels he or she knows in advance what will be said or done, and C. It seldom remains in the afflicted persons memory long afterwards. Also, dj senti can appear in the beginning of a temporal lobe epilepsy attack. .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postImageUrl , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:visited , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active { border:0!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role of parenting EssayThe final form of Dj is dj visite or already visited. This occurs more rarely then other dj. This is when a person will go to a new location they have never been before, yet they still find it familiar and knows their way around completely. Dj visite has to do with the 3 spatial dimensions, height, width, and depth. To distinguish this from dj vecu you have to ask if it purely about inanimate objects and buildings or does the person play a role in the location. Some explanations for dj visite are, the person could have once read a detail account of the place and forgotten. Some say reincarnation could play a role in this or even an out-of-body experi ence allowed them to visit the place before. One more thing to mention is that a mixed occurrence of the 3 dj can occur. Now that you know there are different forms of dj and what exactly they are you can to take notice to that eerie feeling you get while waiting in line at the mall or eating out at a new restaurant. You can try to figure out if it truly is dj, or a coincidence. Maybe now you will believe too. Bibliography:

Movie Analysis The Talented Mr Ripley Essay Example

Movie Analysis The Talented Mr Ripley Paper Analyse how symbolism was used to highlight the purpose of the visual or oral text(s). In the film The Talented Mr Ripley, directed by Anthony Minghella, symbolism was used to highlight the importance of the idea of binaries not fitting when it comes to humans. The symbols used to explore this idea are clothing, mirrors and water and the scenes these symbols have been portrayed in are the scene where Tom lies about attending Princeton, the â€Å"May I† scene, and in Dickies death scene. The film techniques used to really highlight these key symbols and the idea they are representing are lighting, camera angles, costume and dialogue. The first time symbolism was used to highlight the idea of binaries not fitting when it comes to humans is during the start of the film where Tom wears a Princeton jacket and lies about attending the school when he does not. The symbol being used in this is clothing. From the very start we can clearly see that Tom is a liar, but we are tricked into feeling almost sympathetic toward him. He is introduced to us as a poor young man who is obviously intrigued with the idea of being wealthy and important, thus the reason he lies to Dickie’s father about attending Princeton. The first thing Dickie’s father notices about Tom is â€Å"his† Princeton jacket, so he approaches Tom which makes him feel very important and says, â€Å"We couldn’t help noticing your jacket.† There’s a close up shot on Tom’s face and half of it is shadowed which I consider to be foreshadowing as it shows Tom’s reactions and emotions and shows us how easy it is for him to lie, it also shows that Tom from the very beginning is never fully exposed, he always has secrets. Normally, as humans we would see lying as something wrong, but in Tom’s case, we let it slide and don’t really think of the severity or impact that this lie could cause because the director purposefully wants us to feel sympathetic towards Tom because it makes hi We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Analysis The Talented Mr Ripley specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Analysis The Talented Mr Ripley specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Analysis The Talented Mr Ripley specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Morality of Euthanasia essays

The Morality of Euthanasia essays In contemporary American society, a general topic for moral discussion is euthanasia, the act of painlessly ending the life of a person for reasons of mercy. This is usually done in cases in which the person is hopelessly sick or injured. Although by this definition euthanasia may clearly seem to be morally permissible, it is cause for much debate and controversy in todays American culture. In this essay, I will defend the view that euthanasia is almost always morally acceptable, exceptions being non-voluntary active euthanasia, (which will be defined shortly), or cases in which the patient has been suicidal before the diagnosis of a disease or a debilitating accident. Before beginning my arguments, I think it important to first discuss the different types of euthanasia. Voluntary active euthanasia is when the patient wishes to end their life, and this is done through such means as injecting them with a lethal dose of a drug, therefore dying of unnatural causes. Voluntary passive euthanasia occurs when the patient wishes to end their life, but death is caused naturally by removing a life-sustaining machine or by not starting treatment for a disease. Non-voluntary active euthanasia is simply active euthanasia in which the patient is unable to express their wishes and a loved one makes the decision for them. Non-voluntary passive euthanasia is passive euthanasia under the same circumstances as non-voluntary active euthanasia. (There also exists another form, involuntary euthanasia, which directly violates the patients wishes, which seems to simply be homicide; therefore I will not further discuss this issue). Another act that falls within the scope of euthanasia is Physician Assisted Suicide. This is when a physician provides the information, means, or supervision for the successful suicide of their patient at the patients request. Moving on to my argument supporting the morality of euthanasia, ...

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Strategic management - Essay Example They are accountable for the success of the organization. For instance, managers offer objectives and vision of the managerial goal, and plan to execute the goals. Strategic managers are also in charge of plans and policies of an organization (Expansion Management, 2009). Any organization should have the strategic management branch, which sets up mission for the company. Managerial activity encompasses information about the organization and functioning. Strategic management is a particularly crucial responsibility accomplished mostly by a single individual, and in most cases, the future success of an organization depends on the strategic management. The strategic management process is based on the transformation of working process of where the organization is at presently, and where it wants to be after some time. Transformation process is based on the people within the business, and should be by two way process where every person in the business is involved in executing the set goal s and objectives (Samsung, 2009). Samsung Electronics is a multinational electronics company in South Korea with its headquarters at Suwon. The company is a flagship subsidiary of the Samsung group, which forms the largest information technology company in the world with the highest revenue. The company was established in 1969 for manufacturing of black and white television sets, 5-business decisions, and Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). Samsung electronics has sales network and assembly plants in 61 countries worldwide with 221,000 employees. The company forms the largest mobile phone company in the world by unit sales in 2011. The company has the highest world market share in memory chip and has an established position in the tablet market (Samsung, 2009). Strategic management in Samsung Electronics The past few years in Samsung Electronics have been an immense advancement with different technologies taking the limelight like the liquid crystal display over cathode ray tube (C hiu et al. 2006, p. 143-165). In this paper, the strategies employed the liquid crystal display (LCD) and the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are analyzed (Samsung, 2009). Samsung Electronics in LCD market Lee Kun-hee changed the strategy in Samsung group in 1993 from the imitating cost-leader to differentiator role through concentrating and downsizing the engineering, electronics and chemical industries. In 1995, the company had already developed the LCD technology and achieved considerable market. Since then, the company has achieved a flagship with the revenues increasing consistently over the years. The company has the highest global share in LCD (Moon, 2009). The strategic management in LCD is applicable to both internal and external environments, which are further subdivided into sections. External Environment in Samsung Electronics Company (LCD) External environment encompasses both the industry and the environments that are used in assessing the strategic position of the Samsung Electronics Company. The macro environment entails all the external factors that affect planning and performance in the company. These include the social factors, technological factors, political factors, economic factors, environmental factors and legal

Morpholins anti-cancer drugs Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Morpholins anti-cancer drugs - Dissertation Example They produced morpoline derivatives which included both esters and N-alkyl derivatives. The target compounds were characterised using H1, C13NMR, IR and were studied as inhibitors of ÃŽ ²-D-galactosidase extracted from Bovine kidney. The activity of this enzyme is associated with a variety of diseases therefore the produced morpholine derivatives have potential medical applications. p-nitrophenyl-ÃŽ ²Ã¢â‚¬â€œD-galactopyranoside was chosen as a substrate for the enzymatic cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond which is catalysed by ÃŽ ²-D-galactosidase. During the process p-nitrophenol was released in the environment, the compound had the ability to absorb light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, therefore, it was possible to estimate its quantity using the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law. By measuring the quantity of the produced p-nitrophenol at set time intervals conclusions were drawn regarding the reaction speed and, consequently, about inhibition propertie s of the studied morpoline derivative. The reaction was followed by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, therefore reaction speed was calculated using the most linear fragment in the dependence between absorption and time. Because the enzyme was denatured, its inhibitory properties were not tested and are a subject for future work. Cell’s surface is composed of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Compared to other surface molecules glycolipids and glycoproteins are the longest. For this reason they are often take part in interactions with substrates or other cells, consequently carbohydrates are of paramount importance in cellular interactions and disease processes such as cancer, infections or inflammations. ... The compound can covalently attach to serine or threonine. The process leads to formation of clusters in which one monosaccharide is linked to one amino acid. The produced clusters are often the ideal targets for antitumor antibodies. Such antibodies can be generated by glycopeptides linked to clustered sialyted epitopes. The effectiveness of which is usually higher then single sialyted epitopes (Butters, et al., 2003). Glycosidases classification is based on the similarities in the sequence of their amino acids (Table 1) (Henrissat and Bairoch, 1993; Henrissat, 1991). Enzymes within the same group share the same structural features and perform their functions using the same mechanism (Rye and Withers, 2000) Usually, there are two mechanisms employed by enzymes to cleave glycosidic bonds. As a result, a free hydroxyl group is formed with retention or inversion of configuration (Scheme 1)(Sinnott, 1990; Zechel and Withers, 2000; Vasella, et al., 2002). In the mechanism (a) glycosidase s cleave the required bonds using asparagine and glutamine 6A apart from each other. One carboxylic group is deprotonated an acts as a base by abstracting a proton from water during the formation of the intermediate (Withers and Umezawa, 2001; Davies, et al., 2005; Hoj, et al., 1992). Table 1. Type of carbohydrate-active enzyme and its function Carbohydrate-active enzyme Abbreviation Function Carbohydrate Esterases CE Carbohydrate esters hydrolysis Polysaccharide Lyases PL Non-hydrolytic cleavage of glycoside bonds GlycosylTransferases GT Glycosidic bonds formation Glycoside Hydrolases GH Glycosidic bonds rearrangement or hydrolysis The remaining carboxylic group protonates the oxygen atom from the anomeric centre and assists in its removal. Both bond formation and

Wine Making Essay Example for Free

Wine Making Essay Wine-making is essentially a chemical process. It involves a chemical reaction in which sugars are turned to alcohol and carbon dioxide in the presence of yeast. There are also many other chemical processes going on which affect the strength, appearance, colour and taste of the wine. Grape Ingredients Wine is made from grapes. In addition to water, grapes contain two different sugars: glucose and fructose, tartaric acid, malic acid, amino acids and a few other chemicals. The chemical processes of wine-making involve several of these components and the amount of each is important in determining the character of the wine produced. Glucose to Ethanol The most important chemical reaction in the wine making process is the breaking down of glucose by yeast, forming ethanol and carbon dioxide as gas. There are various important factors at this stage which affect the wine. First, sulphur dioxide gas is passed through the crushed grapes to kill off wild yeasts. If this was not done the yeasts would compete with one another and fermentation would stop prematurely. Controlling pH Next the pH (acidity) of the grape pulp needs to be controlled. If grapes are too sweet, then their pH is too high (acidity too low) then less flavours are produced in the wine. The pH can be lowered by adding tartaric acid at the start of the fermentation process. Temperature Finally the temperature must be controlled throughout the process. Fermentation is an exothermic process (heat is produced by the reaction), but there are various reasons for keeping the temperature as low as possible. Yeast stops growing as temperatures increase and will die at higher temperatures. Also at lower temperatures colours and flavours are extracted from the skins and by-products such as esters and aromatic compounds are produced which add to the flavour and also the clarity of the wine. Advances in Wine Chemistry As more and more research is done into the constituents of the wine and the way they are formed, two areas in particular stand out. First is the idea that regular consumption of wine in moderation is good for you. Statistical studies have shown that wine drinkers are less prone to heart disease, cancer and other diseases. This may be explained by the fact that wine drinkers tend to have a healthier lifestyle and are in groups which are less at risk to these diseases. It may be that there are certain chemicals that combat certain conditions, for example the antioxidant resveratrol which may reduce cholesterol and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. These chemicals can, of course, be found in other food and drink without the damaging presence of alcohol. Improving Wine Making Then there is the development of the scientific study of the process of wine making, and the technology to improve it. There are many who would desire to depend on the natural processes of grapes and fermentation. Others have studied the chemicals which make up wine, seeking to determine those that cause the flavour, aroma and appearance of wine so that these can be manipulated in the production process. This tension will continue as the desire to make money affects the love of natural processes.

Albert Einstein Essays -- biographies biography bio

"Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds." "There are two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle." Albert Einstein was the first child born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein, Jewish, middle-class Germans, on March 14, 1879 at Ulm, in Wurttemberg, Germany. Albert's sister, Maria, was born in November of 1881. They remained close throughout their lives.Einstein and sister 1 The Einstein family moved to Munich in 1880 to start their own business. Albert began his secondary schooling at Luitpold-Gymnasium. In 1894, the family business failed and the family moved to Milan, Italy. Albert stayed behind in Munich to finish his education at the Gymnasium. However, Albert hated the high school he attended and a teacher recommended that he leave, as his presence encouraged students' disrespect for teachers. So, at 15, he quit school to join his family in Italy. In 1895, Albert took an entrance exam to get into the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and failed. He studied at a Swiss school in Aurau and graduated a year later. In 1896 he returned to the Institute and graduated in 1900 as a secondary teacher of mathematics and physics. During this time he meets Mileva Maric and falls in love. He tried unsucessfully to obtain an Institute job, but failed. He eventually obtained a job at the Swiss Patent Office. The position at the Patent Office gave Albert the time to devote his thought to physics and he began publishing scientific papers. In early 1902, Lieserl, daughter of Einstein and Mileva Maric, a former fellow student, was born in Hungary. Not much is known about the life of his daughter, as she was probably gi... ...iss. In May of 1946, he became the chairman of the newly formed Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists. Although his activity was limited by his increasing age and ill health, Einstein retained his commitment to civil liberties. By 1948, he begins to suffer problems attributed to a heart aneurysm. In 1952, Einstein was offered the postition of President of Israel, an honorific post. At peace at home in Princeton, he declined, but remained interested in public affairs. In 1955, he joined Bertrand Russell in urging scientists toward mediation between East and West and limitation of nuclear armament. Due to failing health over the previous several years and his refusal to have surgery done on his weakened heart, Albert passed away from a heart attack on April 18. His brain was donated to science, per his request and his ashes spread over a nearby river.

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIX EARTH

EARTH Trevize was hot and annoyed. He and Pelorat were sitting in the small dining area, having just completed their midday meal. Pelorat said, â€Å"We've only been in space two days and I find myself quite comfortable, although I miss fresh air, nature, and all that. Strange! Never seemed to notice all that sort of thing when it was all round me. Still between my wafer and that remarkable computer of yours, I have my entire library with me – or all that matters, at any rate. And I don't feel the least bit frightened of being out in space now. Astonishing!† Trevize made a noncommittal sound. His eyes were inwardly focused. Pelorat said gently, â€Å"I don't mean to intrude, Golan, but I don't really think you're listening. Not that I'm a particularly interesting person always been a hit of a bore, you know. Still, you seem preoccupied in another way. – Are we in trouble? Needn't be afraid to tell me, you know. Not much I could do, I suppose, but I won't go into panic, dear fellow.† â€Å"In trouble?† Trevize seemed to come to his senses, frowning slightly. â€Å"I mean the ship. It's a new model, so I suppose there could be something wrong:† Pelorat allowed himself a small, uncertain smile. Trevize shook his head vigorously. â€Å"Stupid of me to leave you in such uncertainty, Janov. There's nothing wrong at all with the ship. It's working perfectly. It's just that I've been looking for a hyper-relay.† â€Å"Ah, I see. – Except that I don't. What is a hyper-relay?† â€Å"Well, let me explain, Janov. I am in communication with Terminus. At least, I can be anytime I wish and Terminus can, in reverse, be in communication with us. They know the ship's location, having observed its trajectory. Even if they had not, they could locate us by scanning near-space for mass, which would warn them of the presence of a ship or, possibly, a meteoroid. But they could further detect an energy pattern, which would not only distinguish a ship from a meteoroid but would identify a particular ship, for no two ships make use of energy in quite the same way. In some way, our pattern remains characteristic, no matter what appliances or instruments we turn on and off. The ship may be unknown, of course, but if it is a ship whose energy pattern is on record in Terminus – as ours is – it can be identified as soon as detected.† Pelorat said, â€Å"It seems to me, Golan, that the advance of civilization is nothing but an exercise in the limiting of privacy.† â€Å"You may be right. Sooner or later, however, we must move through hyperspace or we will be condemned to remain within a parsec or two of Terminus for the rest of our lives. We will then be unable to engage in interstellar travel to any but the slightest degree. In passing through hyperspace, on the other hand, we undergo a discontinuity in ordinary space. We pass from here to there – and I mean across a gap of hundreds of parsecs sometimes – in an instant of experienced time. We are suddenly enormously far away in a direction that is very difficult to predict and, in a practical sense, we can no longer be detected.† â€Å"I see that. Yes.† â€Å"Unless, of course, they have planted a hyper-relay on board. A hyperrelay sends out a signal through hyperspace – a signal characteristic of this ship – and the authorities on Terminus would know where we are at all times. That answers your question, you see. There would be nowhere in the Galaxy we could hide and no combination of jumps through hyperspace would make it possible for us to evade their instruments:† â€Å"But, Golan,† bald Pelorat softly, â€Å"don't we want Foundation protection?† â€Å"Yes, Janov, but only when we ask for it. You said the advance of civilization meant the continuing restriction of privacy. – Well. I don't want to be that advanced. I want freedom to move undetected as I wish – unless and until I want protection So I would feel better, a great deal better, if there weren't a hyper-relay on board.† â€Å"Have you found one, Golan?† â€Å"No, I have not. If I had, I might be able to render it inoperative somehow.† â€Å"Would you know one if you saw it?† â€Å"That's one of the difficulties. I might not be able to recognize it. I know what a hyper-relay looks like generally and I know ways of testing a suspicious object – but this is a late-model ship, designed for special tasks. A hyper-relay may have been incorporated into its design in such a way as to show no signs of its presence.† â€Å"On the other hand, maybe there is no hyper-relay present and that's why you haven't found it.† â€Å"I don't dare assume that and I don't like the thought of making a jump until I know.† Pelorat looked enlightened. â€Å"That's why we've just been drifting through space. I've been wondering why we haven't jumped. I've heard about jumps, you know. Been a little nervous about it, actually – been wandering when you'd order me to strap myself in or take a pill or something like that.† Trevize managed a smile. â€Å"No need for apprehension. These aren't ancient times. On a ship like this, you just leave it all to the computer. You give it your instructions and it does the rest. You won't know that anything has happened at all, except that the view of space will suddenly change. If you've ever seen a slide show, you'll know what happens when one slide is suddenly projected in place of another. Well, that's what the jump will seem like.† â€Å"Dear me. One won't feel anything? Odd! I find that somewhat disappointing.† â€Å"I've never felt anything and the ships I've been in haven't been as advanced as this baby of ours. – But it's not because of the hyperrelay that we haven't jumped. We have to get a bit further away from Terminus – and from the sun, too. The farther we are from any massive abject, the easier to control the jump, to make re-emergence into space at exactly desired co-ordinates. In an emergency, you might risk a jump when you're only two hundred kilometers off she surface of a planet and just trust to luck that you'll end up safely. Since there is much mete safe than unsafe volume in the Galaxy, you can reasonably count on safety. Still, there's always the possibility that random factors will cause you to re-emerge within a few million kilometers of a large star or in the Galactic core – and you will find yourself fried before you can blink. The further away you are from mass, the smaller those factors and the less likely it is that anything untoward will happ en.† â€Å"In that case, I commend your caution. We're not in a tearing hurry,† â€Å"Exactly. – Especially since I would dearly love to find the hyperrelay before I make a move. – Or find a way of convincing myself there is no hyper-relay.† Trevize seemed to drift off again into his private concentration and Pelorat said, raising his voice a little to surmount the preoccupation barrier, â€Å"How much longer do we have?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I mean, when would you make the jump if you had no concerns over the hyper-relay, my dear chap?† â€Å"At our present speed and trajectory, I should say on our fourth day out. I'll work out the proper time on the computer.† â€Å"Well, then, you still have two days for your search. May I make a suggestion?† â€Å"Go ahead.† â€Å"I have always found in my own work – quite different from yours, of course, but possibly we may generalize – that zeroing in tightly on a particular problem is self-defeating. Why not relax and talk about something else, and your unconscious mind – not laboring under the weight of concentrated thought – may solve the problem for you.† Trevize looked momentarily annoyed and then laughed. â€Å"Well, why not? – Tell me, Professor, what got you interested in Earth? What brought up this odd notion of a particular planet from which we all started?† â€Å"Ah!† Pelorat nodded his head reminiscently. â€Å"That's going back a while. Over thirty years. I planned to be a biologist when I was going to college. I was particularly interested in the variation of species on different worlds. The variation, as you know – well, maybe you don't know, so you won't mind if I tell you – is very small. All forms of life throughout the Galaxy – at least all that we have yet encountered – share a water-based protein/nucleic acid chemistry.† Trevize said, â€Å"I went to military college, which emphasized nucleonics and gravities, but I'm not exactly a narrow specialist. I know a bit about the chemical basis of life. We were taught that water, proteins, and nucleic acids are the only possible basis for life.† â€Å"That, I think, is an unwarranted conclusion. It is safer to say that no other form of life has yet been found – or, at any rate, been recognized – and let it go at that. What is more surprising is that indigenous species – that is, species found on only a single planet and no other – are few in number. Most of the species that exist, including Homo sapiens in particular, are distributed through all or most of the inhabited worlds of the Galaxy and are closely related biochemically, physiologically, and morphologically. The indigenous species, on the other hand, are widely separated in characteristics from both the widespread forms and from each other.† â€Å"Well, what of that?† â€Å"The conclusion is that one world in the Galaxy – one world – is different from the rest. Tens of millions of worlds in the Galaxy – no one knows exactly how many – have developed life. It was simple life, sparse life, feeble life – not very variegated, not easily maintained, and not easily spread. One world, one world alone, developed life in millions of species – easily millions – some of it very specialized, highly developed, very prone to multiplication and to spreading, and including us. We were intelligent enough to form a civilization, to develop hyperspatial flight, and to colonize the Galaxy – and, in spreading through the Galaxy, we took many other forms of lifeforms related to each other and to ourselves – along with us.† â€Å"If you stop to think of it,† said Trevize rather indifferently, â€Å"I suppose that stands to reason. I mean, here we are in a human Galaxy. If we assume that it all started on some one world, then that one world would have to be different. But why not? The chances of life developing in that riotous fashion must be very slim indeed – perhaps one in a hundred million – so the chances are that it happened in one life-bearing world out of a hundred million. It had to be one.† â€Å"But what is it that made that particular one world so different from the others?† said Pelorat excitedly. â€Å"What were the conditions that made it unique?† â€Å"Merely chance, perhaps. After all, human beings and the lifeforms they brought with them now exist on tens of millions of planets, all of which can support life, so all those worlds must be good enough.† â€Å"No! Once the human species had evolved, once it had developed a technology, once it had toughened itself in the hard struggle for survival, it could then adapt to life on any world that is in the least hospitable – on Terminus, for instance. But can you imagine intelligent life having developed on Terminus? When Terminus was first occupied by human beings in the days of the EncycIopedists, the highest form of plant life it produced was a mosslike growth on rocks; the highest forms of animal life were small coral-like growths in the ocean and insectlike flying organisms on land. We just about wiped them out and stocked sea and land with fish and rabbits and goats and grass and grain and trees and so on. We have nothing left of the indigenous life, except for what exists in zoos and aquaria.† â€Å"Hmm,† said Trevize. Pelorat stared at him for a full minute, then sighed and said, â€Å"You don't really care, do you? Remarkable! I find no one who does, somehow. My fault, I think. I cannot make it interesting, even though it interests me so much.† Trevize said, â€Å"It's interesting. It is. But – but – so what?† â€Å"It doesn't strike you that it might be interesting scientifically to study a world that gave rise to the only really flourishing indigenous ecological balance the Galaxy has ever seen?† â€Å"Maybe, if you're a biologist. – I'm not, you see. You must forgive me.† â€Å"Of course, dear fellow. It's just that I never found any biologists who were interested, either. I told you I was a biology major. I took it up with my professor and he wasn't interested. He told me to turn to some practical problem. That so disgusted me I took up history instead – which had been rather a hobby of mine from my teenage years, in any case – and tackled the ‘Origin Question' from that angle.† Trevize said, â€Å"But at least it has given you a lifework, so you must be pleased that your professor was so unenlightened.† â€Å"Yes, I suppose one might look at it that way. And the lifework is an interesting one, of which I have never tired. – But I do wish it interested you. I hate this feeling of forever talking to myself.† Trevize leaned his bead back and laughed heartily. Pelorat's quiet face took or: a trace of hurt. â€Å"Why are you laughing at me?† â€Å"Not you, Janov,† said Trevize. â€Å"I was laughing at my own stupidity, Where you're concered, I am completely grateful. You were perfectly right, you know,† â€Å"To take up the importance of human origins?† â€Å"No, no. – Well, yes, that too. – But I meant you were right to tell me to stop consciously thinking of my problem and to turn my mind elsewhere. It worked. When you were talking about the manner in which life evolved, it finally occurred to me that I knew how to find that hyperrelay – if it existed.† â€Å"Oh, that!† â€Å"Yes, that! That's my monomania at the moment. I've been looking for that hyper-relay as though I were on my old scow of a training ship, studying every part of the ship by eye, looking for something that stood out from the rest. I had forgotten that this ship is a developed product of thousands of years of technological evolution. Don't you see?† â€Å"No, Golan.† â€Å"We have a computer aboard. How could I have forgotten?† He waved his hand and passed into his own room, urging Pelorat along with him. â€Å"I need only try to communicate,† he said, placing his hands onto the computer contact. It was a matter of trying to reach Terminus, which was now some thousands of kilometers behind. Reach! Speak! It was as though nerve endings sprouted and extended, reaching outward with bewildering speed – the speed of light, of course – to make contact. Trevize felt himself touching – well, not quite touching, but sensing – well, not quite sensing, but – it didn't matter, for there wasn't a word for it. He was aware of Terminus within reach and, although the distance between himself and it was lengthening by some twenty kilometers per second, contact persisted as though planet and ship were motionless and separated by a few meters. He said nothing. He clamped shut. He was merely testing the principle of communication; he was not actively communicating. Out beyond, eight parsecs away, was Anacreon, the nearest large planet in their backyard, by Galactic standards. To send a message by the same light-speed system that had just worked for Terminus – and to receive an answer as well – would take fifty-two years. Reach for Anacreon! Think Anacreon! Think it as clearly as you can. You know its position relative to Terminus and the Galactic core; you've studied its planetography and history; you've solved military problems where it was necessary to recapture Anacreon (in the impossible case – these days – that it was taken by an enemy). Space! You've been on Anacreon. Picture it! Picture it! You will sense being on it via hyper-relay. Nothing! His nerve endings quivered and came to rest nowhere. Trevize pulled loose. â€Å"There's no hyper-relay on board the Far Star, Janov. I'm positive. – And if I hadn't followed your suggestion, I wonder how long it would have taken me to reach this point.† Pelorat, without moving a facial muscle, positively glowed. â€Å"I'm so pleased to have been of help. Does this mean we jump?† â€Å"No, we still wait two more days, to be safe. We have to get away from mass, remember? – Ordinarily, considering that I have a new and untried ship with which I am thoroughly unacquainted, it would probably take me two days to calculate the exact procedure – the proper hyperthrust for the first jump, in particular. I have a feeling, though, the computer will do it all.† â€Å"Dear me! That leaves us facing a rather boring stretch of time, it seems to me.† â€Å"Boring?† Trevize smiled broadly. â€Å"Anything but! You and I, Janov, are going to talk about Earth.† Pelorat said, â€Å"Indeed? You are trying to please an old man? That is kind of you. Really it is.† â€Å"Nonsense! I'm trying to please myself. Janov, you have made a convert. As a result of what you have told me, I realize that Earth is the most important and the most devouringly interesting object in the Universe.† It must surely have struck Trevize at the moment that Pelorat had presented his view of Earth. It was only because his mind was reverberating with the problem of the hyper-relay that he hadn't responded at once. And the instant the problem had gone, he had responded. Perhaps the one statement of Hari Seldon's that was most often repeated was his remark concerning the Second Foundation being â€Å"at the other end of the Galaxy† from Terminus. Seldon had even named the spot. It was to be â€Å"at Star's End.† This had been included in Gaal Dornick's account of the day of the trial before the Imperial court. â€Å"The other end of the Galaxy† – those were the words Seldon had used to Dornick and ever since that day their significance had been debated. What was it that connected one end of the Galaxy with â€Å"the other end†? Was it a straight line, a spiral, a circle, or what? And now, luminously, it was suddenly clear to Trevize that it was no line and no curve that should – or could – be drawn on the map of the Galaxy. It was more subtle than that. It was perfectly clear that the one end of the Galaxy was Terminus. It was at the edge of the Galaxy, yes – our Foundation's edge – which gave the word â€Å"end† a literal meaning. It was, however, also the newest world of the Galaxy at the time Seldon was speaking, a world that was about to be founded, that had not as yet been in existence for a single moment. What would be the other end of the Galaxy, in that light? The other Foundation's edge? Why, the oldest world of the Galaxy? And according to the argument Pelorat had presented – without knowing what he was presenting – that could only be Earth. The Second Foundation might well be on Earth. Yet Seldon had said the other end of the Galaxy was â€Å"at Star's End.† Who could say he was not speaking metaphorically? Trace the history of humanity backward as Pelorat did and the line would stretch back from each planetary system, each star that shone down on an inhabited planet, to some other planetary system, some other star from which the first migrants had come, then back to a star before that – until finally, all the lines stretched back to the planet on which humanity had originated. It was the star that shone upon Earth that was â€Å"Star's End:† Trevize smiled and said almost lovingly, â€Å"Tell me more about Earth, Janov.† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"I have told you all there is, really. We will find out more on Trantor.† Trevize said, â€Å"No, we won't, Janov. We'll find out nothing there. Why? Because we're not going to Trantor. I control this ship and I assure you we're not.† Pelorat's mouth fell open. He struggled for breath for a moment and then said, woebegone, â€Å"Oh, my dear fellow!† Trevize said, â€Å"Come an, Janov. Don't look like that. We're going to find Earth.† â€Å"But it's only on Trantor that – â€Å" â€Å"No, it's not. Trantor is just someplace you can study brittle films and dusty documents and turn brittle and dusty yourself.† â€Å"For decades, I've dreamed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You've dreamed of finding Earth.† â€Å"But it's only†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Trevize stood up, leaned over, caught the slack of Pelorat's tunic, and said, â€Å"Don't repeat that, Professor. Don't repeat it. When you first told me we were going to look for Earth, before ever we got onto this ship, you said we were sure to find it because, and I quote your own words, ‘I have an excellent possibility in mind' Now I don't ever want to hear you say ‘Trantor' again. I just want you to tell me about this excellent possibility.† â€Å"But it must be confirmed. So far, it's only a thought, a hope, a vague possibility.† â€Å"Good! Tell me about it!† â€Å"You don't understand. You simply don't understand. It is not a field in which anyone but myself has done research. There is nothing historical, nothing firm, nothing real. People talk about Earth as though it's a fact, and also as though it's a myth. There are a million contradictory tales†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Well then, what has your research consisted of?† â€Å"I've been forced to collect every tale, every bit of supposed history, every legend, every misty myth. Even fiction. Anything that includes the name of Earth or the idea of a planet of origin. For over thirty years, I've been collecting everything I could find from every planet of the Galaxy. Now if I could only get something more reliable than all of these from the Galactic Library at†¦ – But you don't want me to say the word.† â€Å"That's right. Don't say it. Tell me instead that one of these items has caught your attention, and tell me your reasons for thinking why it, of them all, should be legitimate.† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"There, Golan, if you will excuse my saying so, you talk like a soldier or a politician. That is not the way history works.† Trevize took a deep breath and kept his temper. â€Å"Tell me how it works, Janov. We've got two days. Educate me.† â€Å"You can't rely on any one myth or even on any one group. I've had to gather them all, analyze them, organize them, set up symbols to represent different aspects of their content – tales of impossible weather, astronomic details of planetary systems at variance with what actually exists, place of origin of culture heroes specifically stated not to be native, quite literally hundreds of other items. No use going through the entire list. Even two days wouldn't be enough. I spent over thirty years, I tell you. â€Å"I then worked up a computer program that searched through all these myths for common components and sought a transformation that would eliminate the true impossibilities. Gradually I worked up a model of what Earth must have been like. After all, if human beings all originated on a single planet, that single planet must represent the one fact that all origin myths, all culture – hero tales, have in common. – Well, do you want me to go into mathematical detail?† Trevize said, â€Å"Not at the moment, thank you, but how do you know you won't be misled by your mathematics? We know for a fact that Terminus was founded only five centuries ago and that the first human beings arrived as a colony from Trantor but had been assembled from dozens – if not hundreds – of other worlds. Yet someone who did not know this could assume that Hari Seldon and Salvor Hardin, neither of whom were born on Terminus, came from Earth and that Trantor was really a name that stood for Earth. Certainly, if the Trantor as described in Seldon's time were searched for – a world with all its land surface coated with metal – it would not be found and it might be considered an impossible myth.† Pelorat looked pleased. â€Å"I withdraw my earlier remark about soldiers and politicians, my dear fellow. You have a remarkable intuitive sense. Of course, I had to set up controls. I invented a hundred falsities based on distortions of actual history and imitating myths of the type I had collected. I then attempted to incorporate my inventions into the model. One of my inventions was even based on Terminus's early history. The computer rejected them all. Every one. To be sure, that might have meant I simply lacked the fictional talents to make up something reasonable, but I did my best† â€Å"I'm sure you did, Janov. And what did your model tell you about Earth?† â€Å"A number of things of varying degrees of likelihood. A kind of profile. For instance, about 90 percent of the inhabited planets in the Galaxy have rotation periods of between twenty-two and twenty-six Galactic Standard Hours. Well – † â€Å" Trevize cut in. â€Å"I hope you didn't pay any attention to that, Janov. There's no mystery there. For a planet to be habitable, you don't want it to rotate so quickly that air circulation patterns produce impossibly stormy conditions or so slowly that temperature variation patterns are extreme. It's a property that's self-selective. Human beings prefer to live on planets with suitable characteristics, and then when all habitable planets resemble each other in these characteristics, some say, ‘What an amazing coincidence,' when it's not amazing at all and not even a coincidence.† â€Å"As a matter of fact,† said Pelorat calmly, â€Å"that's a well-known phenomenon in social science. In physics, too, I believe – but I'm not a physicist and I'm not certain about that. In any case, it is called the ‘anthropic principle': The observer influences the events he observes by the mere act of observing them or by being there to observe them. But the question is: Where is the planet that served as a model? Which planet rotates in precisely one Galactic Standard Day of twenty-four Galactic Standard Hours?† Trevize looked thoughtful and thrust out his lower lip. â€Å"You think that might be Earth? Surely Galactic Standard could have been based on the local characteristics of any world, might it not?† â€Å"Not likely. It's not the human way. Trantor was the capital world of the Galaxy for twelve thousand years – the most populous world for twenty thousand years – yet it did not impose its rotation period of 1.08 Galactic Standard Days on all the Galaxy. And Terminus's rotation period is 0.91 GSD and we don't enforce ours on the planets dominated by us. Every planet makes use of its own private calculations in its own Local Planetary Day system, and for matters of interplanetary importance converts – with the help of computers – back and forth between LPD and GSD. The Galactic Standard Day must come from Earth]† â€Å"Why is it a must?† â€Å"For one thing, Earth was once the only inhabited world, so naturally its day and year would be standard and would very likely remain standard out of social inertia as other worlds were populated. Then, too, the model I produced was that of an Earth that rotated on its axis in just twenty-four Galactic Standard Hours and that revolved about its sun in just one Galactic Standard Year.† â€Å"Might that not be coincidence?† Pelorat laughed. â€Å"Now it is you who are talking coincidence. Would you care to lay a wager on such a thing happening by coincidence?† â€Å"Well well,† muttered Trevize. â€Å"In fact, there's more to it. There's an archaic measure of time that's called the month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I've heard of it.† â€Å"It, apparently, about fits the period of revolution of Earth's satellite about Earth. However – â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Well, one rather astonishing factor of the model is that the satellite I just mentioned is huge – over one quarter the diameter of the Earth itself.† â€Å"Never heard of such a thing, Janov. There isn't a populated planet in the Galaxy with a satellite like that.† â€Å"But that's good,† said Pelorat with animation. â€Å"If Earth is a unique world in its production of variegated species and the evolution of intelligence, then we want some physical uniqueness.† â€Å"But what could a large satellite have to do with variegated species, intelligence, and all that?† â€Å"Well now, there you hit a difficulty. I don't really know. But it's worth examination, don't you think?† Trevize rose to his feet and folded his arms across his chest. â€Å"But what's the problem, then? Look up the statistics on inhabited planets and find one that has a period of rotation and of revolution that are exactly one Galactic Standard Day and one Galactic Standard Year in length, respectively. And if it also has a gigantic satellite, you'd have what you want. I presume, from your statement that you ‘have an excellent possibility in mind,' that you've done just this, and that you have your world.† Pelorat looked disconcerted. â€Å"Well, now, that's not exactly what happened. I did look through the statistics, or at least I had it done by the astronomy department and – well, to put it bluntly, there's no such world.† Trevize sat down again abruptly. â€Å"But that means your whole argument falls to the ground.† â€Å"Not quite, it seems to me.† â€Å"What do you mean, not quite? You produce a model with all sorts of detailed descriptions and you can't find anything that fits. Your model is useless, then. You must start from the beginning.† â€Å"No. It just means that the statistics on populated planets are incomplete. After all, there are tens of millions of them and some are very obscure worlds. For instance, there is no good data on the population of nearly half. And concerning six hundred and forty thousand populated worlds there is almost no information other than their names and sometimes the location. Some galactographers have estimated that there may be up to ten thousand inhabited planets that aren't listed at all. The worlds prefer it that way, presumably. During the Imperial Era, it might have helped them avoid taxation.† â€Å"And in the centuries that followed,† said Trevize cynically. â€Å"It might have helped them serve as home bases for pirates, and that might have, on occasion, proved more enriching than ordinary trade.† â€Å"I ‘wouldn't know about that,† said Pelorat doubtfully. Trevize said, â€Å"Just the same, it seems to me that Earth would have to be on the list of inhabited planets, whatever its own desires. It would be the oldest of them all, by definition, and it could not have been overlooked in the early centuries of Galactic civilization. And once on the list, it would stay on. Surely we could count on social inertia there.† Pelorat hesitated and looked anguished. â€Å"Actually, there – there is a planet named Earth on the list of inhabited planets.† Trevize stared. â€Å"I'm under the impression that you told me a while ago that Earth was not on the list?† â€Å"As Earth, it is not. There is, however, a planet named Gaia.† â€Å"What has that got to do with it? Gahyah?† â€Å"It's spelled G-A-I-A. It means ‘Earth.'† â€Å"Why should it mean Earth, Janov, any more than anything else? The name is meaningless to me.† Pelorat's ordinarily expressionless face came close to a grimace. â€Å"I'm not sure you'll believe this. – If I go by my analysis of the myths, there were several different, mutually unintelligible, languages on Earth.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Yes. After all, we have a thousand different ways of speaking across the Galaxy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Across the Galaxy, there are certainly dialectical variations, but these are not mutually unintelligible. And even if understanding some of them is a matter of difficulty, we all share Galactic Standard.† â€Å"Certainly, but there is constant interstellar travel. What if some world was in isolation for a prolonged period?† â€Å"But you're talking of Earth. A single planet. Where's the isolation?† â€Å"Earth is the planet of origin, don't forget, where humanity must at one time have been primitive beyond imagining. Without interstellar travel, without computers, without technology at all, struggling up from nonhuman ancestors.† â€Å"This is so ridiculous.† Pelorat hung his head in embarrassment at that. â€Å"There is perhaps no use discussing this, old chap. I never have managed to make it convincing to anyone. My own fault, I'm sure.† Trevize was at once contrite. â€Å"Janov, I apologize. I spoke without thinking. These are views, after all, to which I am not accustomed. You have been developing your theories for over thirty years, while I've been introduced to them all at once. You must make allowances. – Look, I'll imagine that we have primitive people on Earth who speak two completely different, mutually unintelligible, languages. â€Å"‘ â€Å"Half a dozen, perhaps,† said Pelorat diffidently. â€Å"Earth may have been divided into several large land masses and it may be that there were, at first, no communications among them. The inhabitants of each land mass might have developed an individual language.† Trevize said with careful gravity, â€Å"And on each of these land masses, once they grew cognizant of one another, they might have argued an ‘origin Question' and wondered on which one human beings had first arisen from other animals.† â€Å"They might very well, Golan. It would be a very natural attitude for them to have.† â€Å"And in one of those languages, Gaia means Earth. And the word ‘Earth' itself is derived from another one of those languages.† â€Å"Yes, yes: ‘ â€Å"And while Galactic Standard is the language that descended from the particular language in which ‘Earth' means ‘Earth,' the people of Earth for some reason call their planet ‘Gala' from another of their languages.† â€Å"Exactly! You are indeed quick, Golan.† â€Å"But it seems to me that there's no need to make a mystery of this. If Gaia is really Earth, despite the difference in names, then Gala, by your previous argument, ought to have a period of rotation of just one Galactic Day, a period of revolution of just one Galactic Year, and a giant satellite that revolves about it in just one month.† â€Å"Yes, it would have to be so.† â€Å"Well then, does it or doesn't it fulfill these requirements?† â€Å"Actually I can't say. The information isn't given in the tables.† â€Å"Indeed? Well, then, Janov, shall we go to Gaia and time its periods and stare at its satellite?† â€Å"I would like to, Golan,† Pelorat hesitated. â€Å"The trouble is that the location isn't given exactly, either.† â€Å"You mean, all you have is the name and nothing more, and that is your excellent possibility?† â€Å"But that is just why I want to visit the Galactic Library!† â€Å"Well, wait. You say the table doesn't give the location exactly. Does it give any information at all?† â€Å"It lists it in the Sayshell Sector – and adds a question mark.† â€Å"Well, then – Janov, don't be downcast. We will go to the Sayshell Sector and somehow we will find Gaia!†

The Effects of Poverty in Our World Essay - 1586 Words

All over the world, disparities between the rich and poor, even in the wealthiest of nations is rising sharply. Fewer people are becoming increasingly â€Å"successful† and wealthy while a disproportionately larger population is also becoming even poorer. There are many issues involved when looking at poverty. It is not simply enough (or correct) to say that the poor are poor due to their own (or their government’s) bad governance and management. In fact, you could quite easily conclude that the poor are poor because the rich are rich and have the power to enforce trade agreements, which favor their interests more than the proper nations. This is a very serious problem in our society today. Poverty is everywhere and it needs to reduced so†¦show more content†¦Ever since then our government has tried to reduce the poverty in our nation, and so far has had a hard time. In 1996, Bill Clinton addressed the welfare bill, and that resulted in an estimated one million children being thrown into poverty (Egendorf: 1999, 19). However, assistance from the Government has also been helpful. Programs such as Social Security, Food stamps, housing assistance are safety nets that has helped lower the high risk of poverty. Without these added benefits, people would be a lot worse than they are now. The safety net programs reduced the child poverty rate from 24% before the benefits were counted down to 16% (Egendorf: 1999, 19). Supplemental Security income, local general assistance, and earned income tax credits have also been popular components of income in the United States (Lynn, McGeary: 1990, 235). Education levels are not as high in urban areas, which means that the people who are living in these areas are not qualified for the high paying jobs. 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